Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 LITERARY a layer of something which covers a surface:
A thick mantle of snow lay on the ground.
We watched the building vanish under a mantle of thick grey smoke as the fire swiftly moved through it.
2 SPECIALIZED the part of the Earth that surrounds the central core
3 in the past, a piece of clothing without sleeves which was worn over other clothes
cái che phủ lên
crust 
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noun
1 [C or U] a hard outer covering of something:
pie crust (= the cooked pastry on top of it)
the Earth's crust
2 [C] the outside layer of a loaf of bread:
Could you cut the crusts off the sandwiches, please?
Hide phoneticsnoun
1 [C or U] a hard outer covering of something:
pie crust (= the cooked pastry on top of it)
the Earth's crust
2 [C] the outside layer of a loaf of bread:
Could you cut the crusts off the sandwiches, please?
vỏ trái đất
deform 
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verb
1 [T] to spoil the usual and true shape of something:
Age deforms the spine.
2 [I] SPECIALIZED If something deforms, its usual shape changes and becomes spoiled:
These plastics deform at temperatures of over 90°C.
Hide phoneticsverb
1 [T] to spoil the usual and true shape of something:
Age deforms the spine.
2 [I] SPECIALIZED If something deforms, its usual shape changes and becomes spoiled:
These plastics deform at temperatures of over 90°C.
làm cho méo mo
confine 
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verb
1 [T] to limit an activity, person or problem in some way:
Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
Please confine your use of the telephone to business calls.
By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas).
2 [T usually passive] to keep someone in an enclosed place, often by force:
The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.
Hide phoneticsverb
1 [T] to limit an activity, person or problem in some way:
Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
Please confine your use of the telephone to business calls.
By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas).
2 [T usually passive] to keep someone in an enclosed place, often by force:
The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.
zam zữ
boundary 
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noun [C]
1 a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something:
The Ural mountains mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.
Residents are opposed to the prison being built within the city boundary.
2 the limit of a subject or principle:
Electronic publishing is blurring the boundaries between dictionaries and encyclopedias.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something:
The Ural mountains mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.
Residents are opposed to the prison being built within the city boundary.
2 the limit of a subject or principle:
Electronic publishing is blurring the boundaries between dictionaries and encyclopedias.
đừong biên zới
margin (OUTER PART) 
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noun [C]
1 the outer edge of an area:
The plant tends to grow in the lighter margins of woodland areas.
2 the empty space to the side of the text on a page, sometimes separated from the rest of the page by a vertical line:
If I have any comments to make, I'll write them in the margin.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 the outer edge of an area:
The plant tends to grow in the lighter margins of woodland areas.
2 the empty space to the side of the text on a page, sometimes separated from the rest of the page by a vertical line:
If I have any comments to make, I'll write them in the margin.
mép,bờ lề
ridge Hide phonetics
noun [C]
1 a long narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain:
We walked along the narrow mountain ridge.
FIGURATIVE A ridge (= narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.
2 the part of a roof where the sloping sides join at the top
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 a long narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain:
We walked along the narrow mountain ridge.
FIGURATIVE A ridge (= narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.
2 the part of a roof where the sloping sides join at the top
chóp,ngọn
rift Hide phonetics
noun [C]
1 a large crack in the ground or in rock:
The stream had cut a deep rift in the rock.
2 a serious disagreement which separates two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing:
The marriage caused a rift between the brothers and they didn't speak to each other for ten years.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 a large crack in the ground or in rock:
The stream had cut a deep rift in the rock.
2 a serious disagreement which separates two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing:
The marriage caused a rift between the brothers and they didn't speak to each other for ten years.
đừong rạn nứt,khe hở
converge 
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verb [I]
1 If lines, roads or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet:
The paths all converge at the main gate of the park.
Due to roadworks, three lanes of traffic have to converge into two.
Compare diverge.
2 If ideas and opinions converge, they gradually become similar.
3 to come from other places to meet in a particular place:
Ambulances, police cars and fire engines all converged on the scene.
100 000 people are expected to converge on the town for the festival.
Hide phoneticsverb [I]
1 If lines, roads or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet:
The paths all converge at the main gate of the park.
Due to roadworks, three lanes of traffic have to converge into two.
Compare diverge.
2 If ideas and opinions converge, they gradually become similar.
3 to come from other places to meet in a particular place:
Ambulances, police cars and fire engines all converged on the scene.
100 000 people are expected to converge on the town for the festival.
hội tụ
trench 
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noun
1 [C] a narrow channel which is dug into the ground:
A workman was killed when the sides of the trench he was working in collapsed.
2 [C usually plural] a deep channel dug by soldiers and used as a place from which they can attack the enemy while being hidden:
the trenches of World War I
trench warfare
Hide phoneticsnoun
1 [C] a narrow channel which is dug into the ground:
A workman was killed when the sides of the trench he was working in collapsed.
2 [C usually plural] a deep channel dug by soldiers and used as a place from which they can attack the enemy while being hidden:
the trenches of World War I
trench warfare
rãnh, mưong
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