Hide phoneticsnoun [U]
1 SPECIALIZED a relationship between two types of animals or plants in which each provides for the other the conditions necessary for its continued existence
2 a relationship between people or organizations that depend on each other equally
cộng sinh
diverse 
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adjective
varied or different:
Students from countries as diverse as Colombia and Lithuania use Cambridge textbooks when they learn English.
New York is a very culturally/ethnically diverse city
Hide phoneticsadjective
varied or different:
Students from countries as diverse as Colombia and Lithuania use Cambridge textbooks when they learn English.
New York is a very culturally/ethnically diverse city
gồm nhiều loại khác nhau
array 
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noun [C usually singular]
a large group of things or people, especially one which is attractive or causes admiration and often one which has been positioned in a particular way:
There was a splendid array of food on the table.
They sat before an array of microphones and cameras.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C usually singular]
a large group of things or people, especially one which is attractive or causes admiration and often one which has been positioned in a particular way:
There was a splendid array of food on the table.
They sat before an array of microphones and cameras.
sự dàn trải
mechanism (SYSTEM) 
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noun [C]
1 a way of doing something which is planned or part of a system:
The mechanism for collecting taxes needs revising.
2 a part of your behaviour which helps you to deal with a difficult situation:
She's actually rather insecure, and her rudeness is just a defence mechanism.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 a way of doing something which is planned or part of a system:
The mechanism for collecting taxes needs revising.
2 a part of your behaviour which helps you to deal with a difficult situation:
She's actually rather insecure, and her rudeness is just a defence mechanism.
cơ cấu
frustrate (DISCOURAGE) 
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verb [T]
to make someone feel annoyed or discouraged because they cannot achieve what they want:
It frustrates me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.
Hide phoneticsverb [T]
to make someone feel annoyed or discouraged because they cannot achieve what they want:
It frustrates me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.
làm thất bại
barrier 
Hide phonetics
noun [C]
1 a long pole, fence, wall or natural feature, such as a mountain or sea, that stops people from going somewhere:
Barriers have been erected all along the route the Pope will take.
Passengers are requested to show their tickets at the barrier (= the gate in some railway stations through which you must go to get a train).
The mountains acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the disease.
2 anything that prevents people from being together or understanding each other:
Despite the language barrier (= not speaking the same language), they soon became good friends.
Shyness is one of the biggest barriers to making friends (= something that makes this difficult)
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 a long pole, fence, wall or natural feature, such as a mountain or sea, that stops people from going somewhere:
Barriers have been erected all along the route the Pope will take.
Passengers are requested to show their tickets at the barrier (= the gate in some railway stations through which you must go to get a train).
The mountains acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the disease.
2 anything that prevents people from being together or understanding each other:
Despite the language barrier (= not speaking the same language), they soon became good friends.
Shyness is one of the biggest barriers to making friends (= something that makes this difficult)
vật chắn
unpalatable 
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adjective FORMAL
1 describes a fact or idea that is unpleasant or shocking and therefore difficult to accept:
the unpalatable truth/facts about the war
2 describes food that is unpleasant to taste or eat
Hide phoneticsadjective FORMAL
1 describes a fact or idea that is unpleasant or shocking and therefore difficult to accept:
the unpalatable truth/facts about the war
2 describes food that is unpleasant to taste or eat
ko ngon
external Hide phonetics
adjective
of, on, for or coming from the outside:
the external walls of the house
Female kangaroos carry their young in pouches that are external to their bodies.
This cream is for external use only (= it must not be put inside the body).
In later years, his paintings began to show a number of external influences (= influences coming from other people).
Most news magazines have a section devoted to external affairs (= foreign news).
You shouldn't judge people by their external appearances (= what they appear to be like).
Hide phoneticsadjective
of, on, for or coming from the outside:
the external walls of the house
Female kangaroos carry their young in pouches that are external to their bodies.
This cream is for external use only (= it must not be put inside the body).
In later years, his paintings began to show a number of external influences (= influences coming from other people).
Most news magazines have a section devoted to external affairs (= foreign news).
You shouldn't judge people by their external appearances (= what they appear to be like).
bên ngoài
epidermis Hide phonetics
noun [S or U] SPECIALIZED
the thin outer layer of the skin
Hide phoneticsnoun [S or U] SPECIALIZED
the thin outer layer of the skin
biểu bì
waxy 
Hide phonetics
adjective
slightly shiny; looking like wax
Hide phoneticsadjective
slightly shiny; looking like wax
zống sáp
puncture 
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noun [C]
a small hole made by a sharp object, especially in a tyre:
My bike has had two punctures in the last three weeks.
I (= My car tyre) had a puncture when I was driving back from Keele.
She had a puncture wound in her arm, from a wasp sting.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
a small hole made by a sharp object, especially in a tyre:
My bike has had two punctures in the last three weeks.
I (= My car tyre) had a puncture when I was driving back from Keele.
She had a puncture wound in her arm, from a wasp sting.
lỗ thủng
gland 
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noun [C]
an organ of the body or of a plant which secretes (= produces) liquid chemicals that have various purposes:
The glands in my neck are a bit swollen.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
an organ of the body or of a plant which secretes (= produces) liquid chemicals that have various purposes:
The glands in my neck are a bit swollen.
tuyến
immobile Hide phonetics
adjective
not moving or not able to move:
She sat immobile, wondering what to do next.
Hide phoneticsadjective
not moving or not able to move:
She sat immobile, wondering what to do next.
bất đợng
breach (BROKEN PROMISE/RULE) Hide phonetics
noun [C]
an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement or relationship:
They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of/in our agreement.
He was sued for breach of contract.
There have been serious security breaches (= breaks in our security system).
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement or relationship:
They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of/in our agreement.
He was sued for breach of contract.
There have been serious security breaches (= breaks in our security system).
sự vi phạm
intruder 
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noun [C]
1 someone who is in a place or situation where they are not wanted:
I feel like an intruder when I visit their home.
2 someone who enters a place without permission in order to commit a crime:
Intruders had entered the house through a back window.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 someone who is in a place or situation where they are not wanted:
I feel like an intruder when I visit their home.
2 someone who enters a place without permission in order to commit a crime:
Intruders had entered the house through a back window.
ngừoi xâm nhập
beetle (INSECT) Hide phonetics
noun [C]
an insect with a hard shell-like back:
a black beetle
a death watch beetle
a dung beetle
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
an insect with a hard shell-like back:
a black beetle
a death watch beetle
a dung beetle
bọ cánh cứng
infest Hide phonetics
verb [T]
(of animals and insects which carry disease) to cause a problem by being present in large numbers:
The barn was infested with rats.
Hide phoneticsverb [T]
(of animals and insects which carry disease) to cause a problem by being present in large numbers:
The barn was infested with rats.
tràn vào phá hoại
correlation 
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noun [C or U]
a connection between two or more things, often one in which one of them causes or influences the other:
There's a high correlation between smoking and lung cancer.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]
a connection between two or more things, often one in which one of them causes or influences the other:
There's a high correlation between smoking and lung cancer.
có tưong wan với nhau
tolerance (ABILITY TO BEAR) 
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noun [U]
1 the ability to bear something unpleasant or annoying, or to continue existing despite disadvantageous conditions:
My tolerance of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.
2 SPECIALIZED an animal's or plant's ability not to be harmed by a drug or poison over a long period of time:
a greater tolerance of/to the drug
Hide phoneticsnoun [U]
1 the ability to bear something unpleasant or annoying, or to continue existing despite disadvantageous conditions:
My tolerance of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.
2 SPECIALIZED an animal's or plant's ability not to be harmed by a drug or poison over a long period of time:
a greater tolerance of/to the drug
sức chịu đựng
repel (FORCE AWAY) Hide phonetics
verb [T] -ll-
1 to force something or someone to move away or stop attacking you:
This coat has a special surface that repels moisture.
FORMAL The defenders repelled the attack without losing any men.
2 SPECIALIZED to have a magnetic field which pushes away something with a similar magnetic field:
Similar poles of magnets repel each other, and opposite poles attract.
Hide phoneticsverb [T] -ll-
1 to force something or someone to move away or stop attacking you:
This coat has a special surface that repels moisture.
FORMAL The defenders repelled the attack without losing any men.
2 SPECIALIZED to have a magnetic field which pushes away something with a similar magnetic field:
Similar poles of magnets repel each other, and opposite poles attract.
đẩy lùi
parasite Hide phonetics
noun [C]
1 an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it:
The older drugs didn't deal effectively with the malaria parasite.
2 DISAPPROVING a person who is useless and lives by other people's work:
Financial speculators are parasites upon the national economy.
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
1 an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it:
The older drugs didn't deal effectively with the malaria parasite.
2 DISAPPROVING a person who is useless and lives by other people's work:
Financial speculators are parasites upon the national economy.
vật kí sinh
immune 
Hide phonetics
adjective
1 protected against a particular disease by particular substances in the blood:
Most people who've had chicken pox once are immune to it for the rest of their lives.
He seems to be immune to colds - he just never gets them.
2 [after verb] not affected or upset by a particular type of behaviour or emotion:
The press had criticised her so often that in the end she had become immune (to it).
3 [after verb] not able to be punished or damaged by something:
Journalists, he insisted, must be immune (= protected) from prosecution.
Hide phoneticsadjective
1 protected against a particular disease by particular substances in the blood:
Most people who've had chicken pox once are immune to it for the rest of their lives.
He seems to be immune to colds - he just never gets them.
2 [after verb] not affected or upset by a particular type of behaviour or emotion:
The press had criticised her so often that in the end she had become immune (to it).
3 [after verb] not able to be punished or damaged by something:
Journalists, he insisted, must be immune (= protected) from prosecution.
miễn dịch
vertebrate Hide phonetics
adjective SPECIALIZED
having a spine
Hide phoneticsadjective SPECIALIZED
having a spine
có xưong sống
cell (ORGANISM) Hide phonetics
noun [C]
the smallest basic unit of a plant or animal
Hide phoneticsnoun [C]
the smallest basic unit of a plant or animal
tế bào
fundamental Hide phonetics
adjective
forming the base, from which everything else originates; more important than anything else:
We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential.
Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies.
Hide phoneticsadjective
forming the base, from which everything else originates; more important than anything else:
We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential.
Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies.
cơ sở
trigger (START) Hide phonetics
verb [T]
to cause something bad to start:
Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests throughout the country.
Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
Hide phoneticsverb [T]
to cause something bad to start:
Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests throughout the country.
Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
gây nên
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